A. References

A.1 Hardware References

[IA32-v1]. IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual Volume 1: Basic Architecture. Basic 80x86 architecture and programming environment.

[IA32-v2a]. IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual Volume 2A: Instruction Set Reference A-M. 80x86 instructions whose names begin with A through M.

[IA32-v2b]. IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual Volume 2B: Instruction Set Reference N-Z. 80x86 instructions whose names begin with N through Z.

[IA32-v3]. IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual Volume 3a: System Programming Guide. Operating system support, including segmentation, paging, tasks, interrupt and exception handling.

IA-32 Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual Volume 3b: System Programming Guide. Debugging, performance monitoring, system management mode, and Intel Virtualization Technology.

[FreeVGA]. FreeVGA Project. Documents the VGA video hardware used in PCs.

[kbd]. Keyboard scancodes. Documents PC keyboard interface.

[ATA-3]. AT Attachment-3 Interface (ATA-3) Working Draft. Draft of an old version of the ATA aka IDE interface for the disks used in most desktop PCs.

[PC16550D]. National Semiconductor PC16550D Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter with FIFOs. Datasheet for a chip used for PC serial ports.

[8254]. Intel 8254 Programmable Interval Timer. Datasheet for PC timer chip.

[8259A]. Intel 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259A/8259A-2). Datasheet for PC interrupt controller chip.

A.2 Software References

[ELF1]. Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification Version 1.2 Book I: Executable and Linking Format. The ubiquitous format for executables in modern Unix systems.

[ELF2]. Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification Version 1.2 Book II: Processor Specific (Intel Architecture). 80x86-specific parts of ELF.

[ELF3]. Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) Specification Version 1.2 Book III: Operating System Specific (UNIX System V Release 4). Unix-specific parts of ELF.

[SysV-ABI]. System V Application Binary Interface: Edition 4.1. Specifies how applications interface with the OS under Unix.

[SysV-i386]. System V Application Binary Interface: Intel386 Architecture Processor Supplement: Fourth Edition. 80x86-specific parts of the Unix interface.

[SysV-ABI-update]. System V Application Binary Interface--DRAFT--24 April 2001. A draft of a revised version of [ SysV-ABI] which was never completed.

A.3 Operating System Design References

[4.4BSD]. M. K. McKusick, K. Bostic, M. J. Karels, J. S. Quarterman, The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. Addison-Wesley 1996.