Oct 6, 2003 ------------- - Other approaches to reasoning - forward chaining, e.g., CLIPS - backward chaining, e.g., PROLOG - Recap forward chaining - good when KB consists of horn clauses - Tricks to forward chaining - index predicates and facts - order the checks - magic rewriting - careful book-keeping - Backward chaining - start with the goal - replace with new conjuncts to be satisfied - attempt to prove (recurse) - Example of a backward chaining system - PROLOG - different ways of defining ancestors - left recursion and bad ordering will cause infinite loops - Done with knowledge representation! - onto next topic