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Ch. 3: Syntax and Semantics

• BNF & EBNF

• What makes a grammar ambiguous?

• How do you disambiguate a grammar?

• What does it mean for two grammars to "generate the same language"?

• Operational semantics

• Axiomatic semantics

• Applying axiomatic semantics to code segments

• Loop invariants, 5 criteria

• Denotational semantics