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Explicit Heap-Dynamic Lifetime

• Allocated and deallocated by explicit directives, specified by the programmer, which take effect during execution

• Referenced only through pointers or references

• Examples:
  • Dynamic objects in C++ (via new and delete)
  • All objects in Java

• Advantage:
  • Provides for dynamic storage management
  • Explicit control

• Disadvantage:
  • Potential for human error