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Example: Decimal Numbers

    <digit> ->  0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
    <dec_num> -> <digit> | <dec_num><digit>

• Mdec('0') = 0, Mdec('1') = 1, ..., Mdec('9') = 9

• Mdec(<dec_num>) =

      case <dec_num> of
          <digit> => Mdec(<digit>)
          <dec_num><digit> =>
              10 x Mdec(<dec_num>) + Mdec(<digit>)