[ Course Documents ] : [ Programming LanguageHistory and Evolution ]

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1960's: Elaboration and Analysis

• ALGOL 58, 60: first universal language; introduced: BNF, block structure, call-by-value, stack-based evaluation, stack-based arrays

• APL: applicative, no precedence, interpreted

• COBOL:English-style syntax, file/record structure

• BASIC: interactive time-sharing terminals

• SNOBOL: pattern matching

• PL/I: the kitchen sink

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

ALGOL

COBOL

APL

BASIC

SNOBOL

PL/I