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Program <=> Data

• Function definitions, function applications, and data all have the same form

• Consider this S-expression:

(A B C)

• As data: it is a simple list of three atoms: A, B, and C

• As a function application: it means that the function named A is applied to the two parameters, B and C

• It would be a function definition if the first element were the atom "define" instead of "A"